§ 24.06. EXTERIOR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS.

A. Intent. The regulations in this section are intended to:

1. Require sufficient lighting for parking areas, walkways, driveways, building entrances, loading areas, outdoor task areas, and common areas to ensure the security of property and safety of persons.

2. Prevent the adverse effects of inappropriate lighting, including glare, light trespass onto adjoining properties, light pollution and sky glow, and energy waste.

3. Permit and encourage the use of lighting that complements and enhances the aesthetics of the city in general while providing the above-mentioned benefits.

B. Definitions. The definitions below shall apply to the words and phrases used in this section 24.06. Words and phrases not defined in this section 24.06 paragraph B but defined in article 31 shall be given the meanings set forth in article 31. All other words shall be given their common, ordinary meaning, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

BULB (OR LAMP). The source of electric light (to be distinguished from the whole assembly, which is called the luminaire).

DISABILITY GLARE. An intense light that results in reduced visual performance and visibility, and is often accompanied by discomfort.

FILTERED FIXTURE. Light fixtures having glass, acrylic, or translucent enclosures to filter the light.

FIXTURE. The assembly that holds the lamp in a lighting system. The fixture includes the elements designed to give light output control, such as a reflector (mirror), refractor (lens), the ballast, housing, and the attachment parts.

FOOTCANDLE. Illuminance produced on a surface when a lumen is distributed into an area of one square foot.

FULLY SHIELDED AND DOWNWARD DIRECTED FIXTURE.

a. An outdoor lighting fixture that is shielded or constructed so that (i) no light is projected above the horizontal plane of the fixture and (ii) all light emitted is projected onto the site and away from adjoining properties. The light-emitting surface in a fully shielded and downward directed fixture is not visible from adjoining properties, and does not cause glare or light trespass that interferes with the vision of motorists.

b. *Note: If the lamp, any reflective surface, or lens cover (clear or prismatic) is visible when viewed from above or directly from the side, from any angle around the fixture, the fixture is not fully shielded.

c. Lamps in fixtures that are shielded from direct view when viewed from the side or above but contain or have reflective surfaces within a fixture or the lens cover that is directly visible from the side are not fully shielded.

HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS) LAMP. High-intensity discharge lamp where radiation is produced from sodium vapor at relatively high partial pressures (100 torr).

INCANDESCENT LAMP. A lamp that produces light by a filament heated to a high temperature by electric current.

LASER SOURCE LIGHT. An intense beam of light, in which all photons share the same wavelength.

LIGHT TRESPASS. Light falling where it is not wanted or needed (also called spill light).

LOW PRESSURE SODIUM (LPS) LAMP. A discharge lamp where the light is produced by radiation from sodium vapor at a relatively low partial pressure (about 0.001 torr). A LPS lamp produces monochromatic light.

LUMEN. Unit of luminous flux; the flux emitted within a unit solid angle by a point source with a uniform luminous intensity of one candela. One footcandle is one lumen per square foot. One lux is one lumen per square meter.

MERCURY VAPOR LAMP. A high-intensity discharge lamp where the light is produced by radiation from mercury vapor.

METAL HALIDE LAMP. A high-intensity discharge mercury lamp where the light is produced by radiation from metal-halide vapors.

NON-ESSENTIAL LIGHTING. Outdoor lighting which is not required for safety or security purposes.

RECESSED CANOPY FIXTURE. An outdoor lighting fixture recessed into the canopy ceiling so that the bottom of the fixture is flush with the ceiling.

C. General Requirements. All lighting shall comply with the following general requirements:

1. In order to prevent sky-glow, exterior lighting (including wall-pack fixtures) shall be fully shielded and downward directed. No light that is emitted from the fixture shall project above a 90-degree horizontal plane running through the bottom of the lowest part of the fixture. Exterior mounted incandescent light bulbs 100 watts or less, and exterior lighting directly illuminating a United States flag in a manner that does not create disability glare or light trespass to an adjacent residential area or public/private roadway are exempt from the shielding requirement.

2. In order to prevent disability glare, no light-emitting surface within a light fixture (e.g. a bulb, lamp, refractor, etc.) shall be visible from any residential area or public/private roadway, walkway, trail, or other public way when viewed at ground level.

3. Lenses on light fixtures must be flat. "Sag" or protruding lens types are prohibited.

4. Any canopy structure used at a business location (such as a gas station pump canopy) must have recessed canopy fixtures with diffusers that do not extend below the ceiling surface of the canopy.

5. The Planning Commission shall review and shall subsequently approve decorative light fixtures as an alternative to shielded and downward directed fixtures if the applicant demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Planning Commission that there will be no off-site glare or light trespass, and that the proposed decorative fixtures will improve the appearance of the site.

6. Non-essential lighting shall be turned off after business hours, leaving on only lighting which is essential for site security, provided, however, that motion detectors or other automatic switching systems shall be used for security lighting wherever practicable.

D. Permitted light intensity. Maximum average lighting intensity on any particular part of the site shall not exceed the standards set forth below:

Site Area Proposed to be Illuminated

Maximum Average Lighting Intensity (measured or calculated in initial footcandles)

General	3
Driveways	3
Walkways	5
Building Entrances	10
Parking Lots	5
Security/Protective Areas	2
Loading Areas	5
Display Areas of Vehicle Dealerships	25
Pump Canopy Areas of Gasoline Stations	25
Building Facades	10
Drive-Through Areas	15
Lighting intensities established above are initial footcandles. Lighting intensity calculated as part of the site lighting plan submittal shall be in initial footcandles. Luminaire depreciation and lamp lumen depreciation shall be calculated at 1.0 to determine initial footcandle values. Field measurements may be taken to verify installation and submitted calculations will be initial footcandles. All values are in horizontal footcandles.

E. Light trespass standard. Light trespass shall not exceed 0.1 footcandles measured or calculated at the ground level of any property line within or adjacent to all residentially zoned (R-60, R-70, R-80, R-90, R-100, R-2, MHP, RM-1, RM-2 and RM-3) or residentially used property based upon the initial footcandle measurement or calculation, or 2 footcandles measured or calculated at the ground level of any property line separating one commercial use from a different commercial use (O-1, O-2, O-3, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, P-1, O-R), one industrial from a different industrial use (TRO, M-1, M-2 and PCD), or a commercial use from an industrial use as defined in this section. In addition, house shields shall be provided on all fixtures located within 75 feet of residentially zoned (R-60, R-70, R-80, R-90, R-100, R-2, MHP, RM-1, RM-2 and RM-3) or residentially used property to reduce light trespass.

F. Maximum light fixture height. Light fixtures, whether mounted on a building, a wall or fixture, shall not exceed the height limitations set forth below, measured from the ground immediately below the fixture to the top of the fixture:

Zoning District

Maximum Fixture Height

R-60, R-70, R-80, R-90 and R-100 One Family Residential Districts	15 feet
R-2 Two Family Residential District	15 feet
MHP Mobile Home Park District	15 feet
RM-1 and RM-2 Multiple Family Low Rise Districts	15 feet
RM-3 Multiple Family Mid and High Rise Districts	22 feet
O-1 Business and Professional Office District	22 feet
O-2 Planned Office District	22 feet
O-3 High Rise Office Commercial Service District	30 feet
C-1 Local Convenience Business District	22 feet
C-2 Planned Comparison District	30 feet
C-3 General Business District
Sites of = to 50 acres	30 feet
Sites of < 50 acres	22 feet
C-4 Multi Use District	30 feet
P-1 Vehicular Parking District	22 feet
O-R Office Research District	22 feet
TRO Technical Research Office District	22 feet
M-1 Light Industrial District	30 feet
M-2 Heavy Industrial District	30 feet
PCD Planned Center District
Sites of = 50 acres	30 feet
Sites of < 50 acres	22 feet
Fixtures in Other Districts	22 feet

The Zoning Board of Appeals may modify the light/fixture height standards for a commercially zoned (O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, P-1, and O-R) property or an industrially zoned (TRO, M-1, M-2, and PCD) property based upon of the following criteria:

1. The height and position of buildings;

2. Other structures and trees on the site;

3. Potential off-site impact of the lighting;

4. The character of the proposed use;

5. The character of the surrounding land uses.

G. Permitted lighting sources. Due to their high energy efficiency, long life, and special characteristics, color indexed, metal halide lamps are encouraged, but not required. High pressure sodium lamps are permitted.

H. Prohibited lighting. The following exterior lighting shall be specifically prohibited:

1. Unshielded illumination of the exterior of a building or landscaping, except for incandescent fixtures having lamps of 100 watts or less;

2. Mercury vapor light fixtures;

3. Moving, flashing, or intermittent lighting, except as authorized in section 28.13 regulating signs;

4. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising or entertainment that projects above the horizontal plane of the fixture;

5. Searchlights for advertising purposes between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and sunrise of the following morning;

6. Luminaires with swivel mounting hardware.

I. Exceptions. The following sources of light are exempt from the requirements of this section:

1. Fossil fuel light produced directly or indirectly from the combustion of natural gas or other utility-type fossil fuels (e.g. gas lamps);

2. Lighting for permitted temporary civic, circus, fair, or carnival uses;

3. Lighting necessary for construction operations, or emergencies, provided such lighting is temporary and is discontinued immediately upon completion of the construction work or abatement of the emergency;

4. Any lighting required by the FAA for air traffic control, navigation, or warning purposes;

5. Additional exceptions permitted upon a determination by the Zoning Board of Appeals finding that unique or special conditions on the site warrant the exception;

6. Lighting of public or private outdoor recreational facilities during a permitted recreational or sporting event that continues no later than 11:00 p.m. (Lighting for outdoor recreational fields are exempt from the light intensity limitations of this section).

J. Exterior Lighting in Corridor Improvement Development Areas. In addition to the exterior lighting requirements of this section, sites located within a Development Area shall comply with the requirements of article 22, section 22.04.

K. Site plan submittal requirements. A lighting plan shall be submitted when exterior lighting is added or provided. Partial site lighting plans will be permitted when exterior lighting is being added to existing facilities and all of the new illumination falls within the partial plan submitted. The lighting site plan or partial lighting site plan shall include the following:

1. The location of all proposed freestanding, building-mounted, and canopy light fixtures on the site;

2. Photometric grid overlaid on the proposed site plan indicating the proposed light intensity in footcandles measured at ground level, with footcandles based upon initial footcandles;

3. The maximum, average, and minimum illumination levels proposed in applicable areas on the site, based upon initial footcandle;

4. The light trespass level on any boundary line, including residential and non-residential;

5. The zoning classification and current land use of the site and of any adjacent site;

6. The proposed manufacturer and model number of proposed light fixtures with manufacturer's catalog cut sheets for the proposed fixtures;

7. A statement of the proposed operating hours of luminaires including notations as to whether photocells, time clocks, motion detectors, or other automatic switching systems will be used;

8. A "to scale" drawing of the site at a scale of 60 to 1 or larger, with footcandle values shown at 20 foot maximum intervals.

L. Application for a permit. A person applying for a building, electrical, or sign permit to install outdoor lighting fixtures shall submit a lighting site plan or partial site lighting plan for review and approval to insure that the proposed exterior lighting and work comply with the requirements of this section.

(Ord. No. 278-GG § 4, 12-6-05; Ord. No. 278-II, §§ 3, 4, 3-19-08; Ord. No. 278-NN, § 34, 1-6-09)